“MAXIMUM PRESSURE MARCH” AGAINST MADURO REGIME IN VENEZUELA

February marked an important advancement in the United States’ “maximum pressure” policy on the Maduro regime in Venezuela– focused on the extra-regional actors propping up the regime.
U.S. AND COLOMBIA HIGHLIGHT THE TERRORIST THREAT FROM VENEZUELA AT REGIONAL COUNTERTERRORISM SUMMIT

Venezuela continues to be the central hub for the global, great power competition in the Western Hemisphere between Russia, Iran, China, and the United States. 2020 has already marked a series of international visits and diplomatic engagements.
DEATH OF GEN. SULEIMANI STUNS VRIC ALLIANCE IN LATIN AMERICA

2019 ended strongly, setting the stage for the tense showdown between the U.S. and Iran in early 2020. The U.S. military drone strike killing Major Gen. Qasim Suleimani, the commander of the feared Qods Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard.
VRIC ALLIANCE STRENGTHENS IN WAKE OF THE NON-ALIGNED SUMMIT IN AZERBAIJAN

Over the past two months, Latin America has been experiencing a series of political upheavals akin to the type of unrest occurring in the Middle East.
JULY & AUGUST 2019

On July 9th, the head of the Pentagon’s Southern Command, Admiral Craig Faller, provided testimony to the Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities warning of the collective threat of Russia, Iran, and China in Latin America.
JUNE 2019

The first fissure in the VRIC alliance is potentially emerging as Russia negotiates with the U.S. its position on Venezuela. The recent news that Russia’s state defense contractor Rostec is reportedly reducing its personnel in Venezuela.
MAY 2019

The Venezuela crisis continues to serve as a proxy battle by the VRIC nations against the United States. Russia is the most forward-facing member of the alliance with Vladimir Putin threatening to act in the event of U.S. intervention.
APRIL 2019

As international pressure mounts against the Maduro regime in Venezuela, its extra-regional allies Russia, Iran, and China continue offering various forms of aid: Russia is providing military support China is protecting critical infrastructure.
MARCH 2019

In February, the VRIC alliance has focused primarily on propagandizing the ongoing crisis in Venezuela while the United States has sent medical supplies, foodstuffs, and hygiene kits to the Colombian-Venezuelan.
FEBRUARY 2019

The commencement of Nicolás Maduro’s illegitimate second presidential term in January has provided a platform for extra-regional actors to attack democracy in Latin America.